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Formula Vault Mathematics Arithmetic
Mathematics · Arithmetic

Average (Mean)

The central value of a set of numbers.

\text{Average} = \dfrac{\text{Sum of observations}}{\text{Number of observations}}

1What it means

The average (arithmetic mean) spreads the total equally across all items, giving a single representative value.

2Variables

SymbolMeaning
\text{Sum}Total of all values
\text{Number}How many values there are

3Worked examples

Example 1 Worked solution
Q. Find the average of 10, 20, 30, 40.
  1. Sum = 10 + 20 + 30 + 40 = 100.
  2. Number of values = 4.
  3. Average = 100 / 4.
✓ Average = 25

4Where it's used

  • Average marks, speed, runs, temperature and income.

5Tips & common mistakes

  • !Average always lies between the smallest and largest value.
  • !For average speed over equal distances, use the harmonic mean, not this formula.